Bài viết tóm tắt cách dùng 2 động từ đứng cạnh nhau trong tiếng Anh.
Trong tiếng Anh, khi chúng ta muốn sử dụng hai động từ với nhau, chúng ta thường đặt động từ thứ hai ở dạng nguyên thể. Thông thường, động từ thứ 2 sẽ có dạng hoặc là TO DO; DO; DID hoặc DOING. Với số lượng động từ đa dạng như trong tiếng Anh, việc chia động từ này nhiều khi cũng khá phức tạp.
QUI TẮC CHIA 2 ĐỘNG TỪ ĐỨNG CẠNH NHAU
1. To infinitive (động từ nguyên mẫu với TO)
Cụm động từ nguyên mẫu: là một nhóm từ bắt đầu bằng một động từ nguyên mẫu có To (to inf)
Examples:
infinitive
They agreed to lower the price.
He appeared to be the most experienced member of the group.
object + infinitive
I advised him to take the job.
They invited Mike to go out for drinks after work.
optional object + infinitive
I asked to take the day off. (no object)
I asked my boss to give me the day off. (object = my boss)
| infinitive | object + infinitive | optional object + infinitive |
|---|---|---|
| agree appear arrange care claim decide demand deserve fail get (be allowed to) hesitate hope intend learn manage offer plan* pretend refuse seem swear wait |
advise** allow** cause convince encourage** force get (cause to) hire invite order permit** remind require** tell warn |
ask choose expect need prepare promise threaten want wish would like |
*”plan” can also be used as “plan on + gerund.”
**These verbs can also be followed by the gerund
2. Bare infinitive (động từ nguyên mẫu không TO)
Examples:
object + base infinitive (the infinitive without to)
I had my secretary call my clients for me.
I never let my children stay up late at night.
object + base infinitive or gerund
I heard him complain.
I heard him complaining.
I saw Chris leave the room.
I saw Chris leaving the room.
| object + base infinitive | object + base infinitive or gerund |
|---|---|
| have help let make |
feel hear listen to look at notice observe see smell watch |
Note that when “have” is used to communicate obligation, it is followed by the infinitive (“I have to work tomorrow,” for example).
3. Gerunds (V-ing)
Examples:
gerund
I finished making all of my sales calls at around three o’clock this afternoon.
Kevin dislikes carrying his cell phone with him everywhere he goes.
preposition + gerund
He apologized for coming late.
This time they insisted on getting a better price.
| gerund | preposition + gerund |
|---|---|
| admit advise** allow** appreciate avoid can’t help complete consider defend delay deny despise discuss dislike don’t mind encourage** enjoy finish imagine involve keep mention mind miss permit** practice recommend report require** resist risk suggest tolerate understand |
accuse of agree with apologize for believe in blame for complain about concentrate on congratulate someone on cope with decide against depend on dream about/of feel like get used to insist on look forward to plan on* prevent someone from rely on succeed in specialize in stop someone from talk about/of think about/of warn someone against worry about |
*”plan on” can also be “plan + infinitive”
**These verbs can also be followed by an object and the infinitive
Note that the verbs in the second column of section 4 can be followed by an object and the gerund.
4. Verbs Followed by either the Infinitive or Gerund (to V, V_ing)
Examples:
infinitive or gerund (with no real change in meaning)
I love to go to the beach.
I love going to the beach. (same meaning)
I can’t stand to work late at night.
I can’t stand working late at night. (same meaning)
infinitive or gerund (with a change in meaning)
| infinitive or gerund (with no real change in meaning) | infinitive or gerund (with a change in meaning) |
|---|---|
| can’t stand cease continue hate like love neglect prefer propose |
begin forget keep need regret remember start stop try |